Prostate Cell News Volume 9.24 | Jun 29 2018

TOP STORY

IL-23 Secreted by Myeloid Cells Drives Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Scientists identified IL-23 produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a driver of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in mice and patients with CRPC. IL-23 secreted by MDSCs could activate the androgen receptor pathway in prostate tumor cells, promoting cell survival and proliferation in androgen-deprived conditions. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Precision Therapeutic Targeting of Human Cancer Cell Motility

The authors identified that KBU2046 inhibited cell motility and cell invasion in vitro. Across three different murine models of human prostate and breast cancer, KBU2046 inhibited metastasis, decreased bone destruction, and prolonged survival at nanomolar blood concentrations after oral administration. [Nat Commun] Full Article | Press Release

HOTAIR Is a REST-Regulated lncRNA That Promotes Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

Investigators reported HOTAIR as a novel repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST)-repressed long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that was upregulated in neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) prostate cancer (PCa) cells and in castration-resistant PCa. HOTAIR overexpression was sufficient to induce, whereas knockdown of HOTAIR suppressed NED of PCa cells. [Cancer Lett] Abstract

Recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 Suppresses Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis through down Regulation of the Akt/Mcl-1 Pathway

Using bone metastasis experimental models, animals treated with recombinant MDA-7/IL-24 had significantly less metastatic lesions in their femurs as compared to controls. The inhibitory effects of MDA-7/IL-24 on bone metastasis resulted from prostate cancer-selective killing and inhibition of osteoclast differentiation, which is necessary for bone resorption. [Mol Cancer Ther] Abstract

Chalcomoracin Is a Potent Anticancer Agent Acting through Triggering Oxidative Stress via a Mitophagy- and Paraptosis-Dependent Mechanism

The authors showed for the first time that chalocomoracin treatment markedly promoted paraptosis along with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than apoptosis, in PC-3 and MDA-MB-231cell lines. [Sci Rep] Full Article

The BET-Inhibitor PFI-1 Diminishes AR/AR-V7 Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells

PFI-1 dose-dependently inhibited transactivation of full-length androgen receptor (AR) without affecting their cellular protein levels. PFI-1 was active against C-terminally truncated constitutively active ARs like AR-V7 and Q641X. Prostate cancer cells exhibiting a transcriptionally active AR-signaling complex were more susceptible to the growth-inhibitory effects than the AR-negative PC-3 cells. [World J Urol] Abstract

Inhibition of Autophagy Significantly Increases the Antitumor Effect of Abiraterone in Prostate Cancer

Investigators revealed upregulation of ATG5 and LC3 II with a reduction of p62 protein expression in abiraterone acetate (AA)-treated cells, indicating upregulation of autophagy. They showed that combining AA with autophagy inhibition significantly impaired cell viability and increased apoptosis compared to AA treatment alone. [World J Urol] Abstract

Reversal of Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer by Notch Signaling Inhibition

Researchers observed a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells, in both docetaxel (Doc)-resistant cell lines and the tumors of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer, which showed stem cell markers and greater tumorigenic potential. Those stem-like prostate cancer cells showed high expression of ABCB1, which encodes multidrug resistance-related protein P-glycoprotein, leading to the Doc-resistance in prostate cancer. [Anticancer Drugs] Abstract

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The MicroRNA Signatures: Aberrantly Expressed miRNAs in Prostate Cancer

The authors highlight the most consistently reported dysregulated miRNAs in prostate cancer from the existing literature and discuss the currently available data on their role in regulating the hallmarks of prostate cancer. [Clin Transl Oncol] Abstract

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Sophiris Bio Reports Top-Line Interim Safety and Biopsy Findings for Its Phase IIb Clinical Trial of Topsalysin in Localized Prostate Cancer

Sophiris Bio Inc. announced top-line interim safety and biopsy data following a single administration of topsalysin from its ongoing open-label, Phase IIb clinical trial. [Sophiris Bio Corp.] Press Release

Theragnostics Announces First Patient Enrolled in Their Prospective Phase II Study of 68Ga-THP-PSMA in Prostate Cancer

Theragnostics Ltd announced the enrollment of their first patient in their Phase II open label clinical study in London, UK. The study will assess the safety and clinical utility of 68Ga-THP-PSMA PET/CT in patients with high risk primary prostate cancer or biochemical recurrence after radical treatment. [Theragnostics Ltd (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Kangpu Biopharmaceuticals Launched Phase I Study of Novel Cancer Therapy Candidate KPG-121 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in Collaboration with Accelovance, Inc.

Kangpu Biopharmaceuticals, Ltd., announced that a Phase I, multi-center, open-label study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary evidence of antitumor activity of KPG-121 in combination with Enzalutamide in adult subjects with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer has been launched in the United States. [Accelovance] Press Release

NucleoBio Concludes Preliminary Tests for New Drug to Treat Aggressive Prostate Cancer

In the quest to develop a drug to effectively treat aggressive prostate cancer, NucleoBio Inc. has demonstrated efficacy for its newest product, Prostreat. Prostreat outperforms commercially available medications in inhibiting the growth and spread of the most aggressive form of prostate cancer: metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. [NucleoBio Inc. (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Firm That Tallies Controversial Journal Impact Scores Moves to Provide More Context

Stung by years of criticism that its journal impact factors have distorted scholarly publishing, the private firm Clarivate Analytics based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, rolled out an updated version of its Journal Citation Reports database that it says provides context useful to understanding journals’ characteristics and audiences. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Top US Court Upholds Trump Travel Ban: Student Visas Already in Decline

The travel restrictions now vary by country, and include some exemptions for students. But data from the Department of Justice reveal that the government issued just 289 visas to students from Iran, Libya, Yemen and Somalia in the first three months of this year. [Nature News] Editorial

Macchiarini Guilty of Misconduct, but Whistleblowers Share Blame, New Karolinska Institute Verdict Finds

The Karolinska Institute in Stockholm has finally, officially, found disgraced surgeon Paolo Macchiarini guilty of scientific misconduct. However, the verdict is a bitter pill for the four people who raised the alarm about Macchiarini’s fraud. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

NEW Lorne Cancer Conference 2019
February 14-16, 2019
Lorne, Australia

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NEW Assistant, Associate and Professor Positions – Cancer Research Faculty (University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute)

NEW Research Professor – Life Sciences (City of Hope)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Cancer Development & Progression Research (Brigham & Women’s Hospital-Harvard Medical School)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Research (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre)

Postdoctoral Positions – Ribosome Modifications (University of Copenhagen)

Research Fellow – Prostate Cancer (Sechenov University)

Postdoctoral Position – Steroid Hormone Production and Signaling (University of Rochester Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Scientists – Prostate Cancer Research (Institute of Oncology Research – Universita della Svizzera Italiana)

Research Associate – Computational Biology (University College London)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Cancer (Moffitt Cancer Center)

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