Prostate Cell News Volume 9.33 | Aug 31 2018

TOP STORY

CTBP1/CYP19A1/Estradiol Axis Together with Adipose Tissue Impacts over Prostate Cancer Growth Associated to Metabolic Syndrome

Scientists found that c-terminal binding protein 1 (CTBP1) and E1A binding protein p300 bound to the aromatase (CYP19A1) promoter and downregulated its expression in PC3 cells. Estradiol, through the estrogen receptor beta, released CTBP1 from the CYP19A1 promoter triggering its transcription and modulating prostate cancer cell proliferation. [Int J Cancer] Abstract

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Delivery of a TNF-α-Derived Peptide by Nanoparticles Enhances Its Antitumor Activity by Inducing Cell-Cycle Arrest and Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis

The authors constructed a stable nanodrug, called TNF-α-derived polypeptide (P16)-conjugated, chitosan (CTS)-modified selenium nanoparticle (SC; SCP), which was composed of SC as a slow-release carrier conjugated to the TNF-α-derived peptide P16. SCP could induce G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in DU145 cells more effectively than could P16 and TNF-α. [FASEB J] Abstract

Dual Role of Autophagy on Docetaxel-Sensitivity in Prostate Cancer Cells

In castration-resistant prostate cancer PC3 cells, trehalose specifically prevented intrinsic apoptosis in docetaxel-treated cells. Trehalose reduced the release of cytochrome c triggered by docetaxel and the formation of aberrant mitochondria, possibly by enhancing the turnover of damaged mitochondria via autophagy. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

miRNA-205 Nanoformulation Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy

A novel magnetic nanoparticle-based nanoplatform composed of an iron oxide core with poly(ethyleneimine)-poly(ethylene glycol) layer(s) was developed. The novel formulation was applied to prostate cancer cells for evaluating cellular uptake, miR-205 delivery, and anticancer, antimetastasis, and chemosensitization potentials against docetaxel treatment. [Cancers] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

miR-146b Inhibits Autophagy in Prostate Cancer by Targeting the PTEN/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Researchers found that miR-146b expression was increased in prostate cancer (PCa). They found that miR-146b played an important role in the viability and proliferation capacity of PCa cells functionally and found that miR-146b may promote autophagy in PCa cells via activation of PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Aging (Albany NY)] Full Article

Elevation of Androgen Receptor Promotes Prostate Cancer Metastasis via Induction of EMT and Reduction of KAT5

Knockdown of the androgen receptor (AR) with siRNA or treatment with anti-androgen casodex reduced the migration and invasion ability of C4-2B PCa cells. Knockdown of AR increased protein expression of E-cadherin and AR co-regulator KAT5 but reduced expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker proteins Slug, Snail, MMP-2, vimentin, and β-catenin. [Cancer Sci] Abstract

Nontoxic Glucomoringin-Isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) Rich Soluble Extract Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation of Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Cells (PC-3)

The GMG-ITC-rich soluble extract (GMG-ITC-RSE) exhibited high levels of safety in 3T3 cells, where more than 90% of the cells appeared viable when treated with the extract in a time-dependent manner even at high dose. GMG-ITC-RSE significantly triggered morphological aberrations distinctive to apoptosis. [Nutrients] Full Article

Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Suppresses Docetaxel-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Blocking Akt and Stat3 Signaling, thus Suppressing Chemoresistant Stem Cell-Like Properties

Investigators showed that acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in docetaxel-resistant PC3/Doc cells; its IC₅₀ value in anti-proliferation was ~17 μM. The activation of Akt and Stat3 signaling pathways was remarkably enhanced in PC3/Doc cells, which contributed to their chemoresistant stem-like phenotype. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Abstract

ETS1 Induces Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling and Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer Cells

E26 transformation-specific 1 (ETS1) p51 overexpression upregulated cellular levels of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcriptional regulators, ZEB1 and SNAIL1, resulted in reduced expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin with concomitantly elevated levels of claudin 1, an epithelial tight junction protein, and increased prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. [J Cell Biochem] Abstract

New Azole Derivatives of [17(20)E]-21-Norpregnene: Synthesis and Inhibition of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Growth

Potency of the synthesized compounds to inhibit CYP17A1 and to suppress growth of prostate carcinoma cells was investigated. Among the new azole derivatives, four compounds were found possessing high anti-proliferative activity. [Steroids] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

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The Role of Ketoconazole in Current Prostate Cancer Care

In the current castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment landscape, the authors believe that ketoconazole can be considered in patients with nonmetastatic CRPC and in those with metastatic CRPC who do not respond to, tolerate, or have access to chemotherapy and other standard therapeutic options. [Nat Rev Urol] Abstract

Inflammation and NF-κB Signaling in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Investigators describe the role of NF-κB in prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation, major NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer, and the crosstalk between NF-κB and androgen receptor signaling. Several NF-κB-induced risk factors in prostate cancer and their potential for therapeutic targeting in the clinic are described. [Cells] Full Article | Graphical Abstract

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Sophiris Bio Updates on Phase IIb Localized Prostate Cancer Trial

Sophiris Bio Inc. announced the conclusion of the ongoing investigation into the previously reported death of a patient in the company’s Phase IIb trial for the treatment of localized prostate cancer is unlikely to be related to either topsalysin or the procedure. [Sophiris Bio Corp.] Press Release

The Prostate Cancer Foundation Announces Recipients of the 2018 PCF Young Investigator Awards

The Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) announced that it has granted a total of $6 million to 29 promising early career scientists dedicated to advancing critical research in developing better early detection methods, improving life-saving treatments and finding a cure for prostate cancer. [Prostate Cancer Foundation] Press Release

FDA Starts Pilot to Help Sponsors Use Novel Trial Designs

The FDA has initiated a pilot program to help drug developers use complex innovative trial designs (CID). Sponsors accepted into the four-year pilot will meet twice with the FDA to discuss regulatory approaches to CID. [U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FierceBiotech)] Press Release

UCHealth Patients in Northern Colorado Step Forward to Speed Advances in Cancer Care

UCHealth Poudre Valley Hospital (UCHealth) is among the nation’s first community hospitals to collaborate with leading academic medical centers and researchers through personalized medicine consortium. The members collect and share patient data with the goal of better understanding cancer at the molecular level and more precisely assigning treatment to patients. [UCHealth] Press Release

New Research: Financial Disclosure Lacking in Publication of Clinical Trials

A substantial proportion of pharmaceutical industry payments to authors of oncology clinical trials published in major scientific journals are not disclosed, new research shows. The publications focused on clinical trials that tested new cancer drugs. The new findings were published as a research letter in the journal JAMA Oncology. [OHSU] Editorial

Yale Prof Gets Endowed Chair Four Years After Harassment Finding

Michael Simons, a Yale School of Medicine professor who was removed from a leadership post in 2014 after the university found him guilty of sexual harassment, was given an endowed professorship in the school’s cardiology department. In response, faculty members “went into an uproar,” and the school removed an online press release about Simons’s honor, Yale Daily News reported. [The Scientist] Editorial

Top UK Genomics Institute Investigates Bullying Allegations

An investigation into allegations of bullying is under way at one of the world’s top genomics centers — the Wellcome Sanger Institute in Hinxton, UK. According to The Guardian, which first reported on the investigation at Sanger, the complaints come from current and former staff members and include allegations against the institute’s director, geneticist Michael Stratton, who has been at the helm since 2010. [Nature News] Editorial

Clinical Trials Have Far Too Little Racial and Ethnic Diversity

The symptoms of conditions such as heart disease, cancer and diabetes, as well as the contributing factors, vary across lines of ethnicity, as they do between the sexes. If diverse groups aren’t part of these studies, we can’t be sure whether the treatment will work in all populations or what side effects might emerge in one group or another. [Scientific American] Editorial

NEW Cell Symposia: Engineering Organoids and Organs
August 25-27, 2019
San Diego, California, United States

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NEW Assistant/Associate Faculty Position – Prostate Cancer Research (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Prostate Cancer Progression (Aarhus University)

Postdoctoral Position – Translational Cancer Research (University of California, Davis)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Scientist – Prostate Cancer (Università della Svizzera italiana)

Research Fellow – Personalized Medicine of Anti-Cancer Therapy (Mayo Clinic)

Senior Research Scientist – Prostate Cancer Research (University of California, San Francisco)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities)

Assistant or Associate Professor – Prostate Cancer (Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic)

Postdoctoral Position – Tumor Ecosystem Research (University of Zurich)

Research Fellowship – Prostate Cancer Pathology (Weill Cornell Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Cancer Metastasis Research (Oregon Health & Science University)

Research Fellow – Prostate Cancer (Sechenov University)

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