Prostate Cell News Volume 9.45 | Nov 23 2018

TOP STORY

Mutant Kras-Induced Upregulation of CD24 Enhances Prostate Cancer Stemness and Bone Metastasis

Investigators report that prostate cancer (PCA) models harboring conditional LSL/Kras^G12D or BRAF^F-V600E allele with prostate-specific abrogated p53 function recapitulate human PCA precursor lesions, histopathology, and clinical behaviors. [Oncogene] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Pirin: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Regulated by miR-455-5p

Loss-of-function assays using siRNA or an inhibitor showed that downregulation of pirin (PIR) expression blocked cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the miR-455-5p/PIR axis contributed to cancer cell aggressiveness. [Mol Oncol] Abstract | Full Article

Co-Delivery of miR-4638-5p and Docetaxel Based on Redox-Sensitive Polypeptide Micelles as an Improved Strategy for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Researchers showed that DTX in micelles inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis more effectively than free DTX both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the DTX and miR-4638-5p loaded micelles achieved the most pronounced anticancer effect of all groups. [Mol Pharm] Abstract

High-Throughput Screens Identify HSP90 Inhibitors as Potent Therapeutics That Target Inter-Related Growth and Survival Pathways in Advanced Prostate Cancer

Fifteen human castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) LuCaP PDX-derived organoid models were assayed for responses to 110 drugs, and HSP90 inhibitors were among the select group of drugs that demonstrated broad activity at high potency. Ganetespib inhibited multiple targets, including androgen receptor and PI3K pathways, which regulate mutually compensatory growth and survival signals in some forms of CRPC. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Galiellalactone Inhibits the STAT3/AR Signaling Axis and Suppresses Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Enzalutamide-resistant cells were more sensitive to inhibition with STAT3 DNA-binding inhibitor galiellalactone (GPA500) compared to castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Treatment with GPA500 suppressed androgen receptor (AR) activity and significantly reduced expression of Cyclin D1, thus reducing cell cycle progression into S phase and hindering cell proliferation. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Rosmarinic Acid, a Component of Rosemary Tea, Induced the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through Modulation of HDAC2 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Rosmarinic acid (RA) decreased the cell proliferation in cell viability assay, and inhibited the colony formation and tumor spheroid formation. Additionally, RA induced early- and late-stage apoptosis of PC-3 and DU145 cells in Annexin V assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, respectively. [Nutrients] Full Article

In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Table Grape Powder Extract (GPE) in Prostate Cancer

Investigators found that GPE inhibited the cell viability and growth of prostate cancer cells only at high 100 μg/mL concentrations. However, at low 1.5–15 μg/mL concentrations, GPE significantly reduced the colony formation and wound healing capabilities of both DU145 and PC3M cells. [Nutrients] Full Article

Investigation of Different Molecular Weight Fucoidan Fractions Derived from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida in Combination with GroA Therapy in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

The authors focused on a low molecular weight fucoidan which was extracted from New Zealand U. pinnatifida, and investigated its anti-proliferative effects, combined with a quadruplex-forming oligonucleotide aptamer (GroA), a powerful cell surface nucleolin inhibitor, in prostate cancer cells. [Mar Drugs] Full Article

Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 Drives the Growth of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer without Being Involved in the Efficacy of Taxane Chemotherapy

Scientists used LNCaP95-DR cells, which express androgen receptor splice variant 7 and exhibit resistance to enzalutamide and docetaxel. LNCaP95-DR cells showed cross-resistance to cabazitaxel. Furthermore, these cells had increased levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and their sensitivity to both docetaxel and cabazitaxel was restored through treatment with tariquidar, a P-gp antagonist. [J Clin Med] Full Article

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Function, Clinical Application, and Strategies of Pre-mRNA Splicing in Cancer

The authors discuss how aberrant splicing isoforms precisely regulate three basic functional aspects in cancer: proliferation, metastasis and apoptosis. Importantly, clinical function of aberrant splicing isoforms is also discussed, in particular concerning drug resistance and radiosensitivity. [Cell Death Differ] Full Article

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LIDDS Adds Two Major University Clinics in Lithuania to Speed Up Enrollment in Ongoing Phase IIb Study

The National Cancer Institute in Vilnius and the University Clinic of Kaunas are now ready to start inclusion of patients in Part II of the LPC-004 study. Lithuanian authorities have recently approved the study protocol and the Liproca^® Depot injection kits are already on site. [LIDDS AB] Press Release

Colorado Advanced Industries Awards Machavert $250K to Develop a Novel Therapeutics against KRAS Cancers

Machavert Pharmaceuticals received funding as part of the Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade Advanced Industries Accelerator Grant Program. Machavert will use the grant award to advance a new class of cancer therapeutics, RAL GTPase inhibitors, targeting KRAS mutant cancers. [Machavert Pharmaceuticals (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

EMBO Welcomes Twenty-Six New Young Investigators

EMBO has selected 26 life science researchers within their first four years as group leaders to become EMBO Young Investigators. They join an active network of 102 current and 314 past Young Investigators and will receive support from EMBO during the foundation of their first independent laboratory. [EMBO] Press Release

Huntsman Cancer Institute Breaks Ground for Utah’s First Proton Therapy Center

Officials at Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah began construction on a project that will house the region’s first proton therapy center and announced the new center will be named in honor of United States Senator Orrin G. Hatch. [Huntsman Cancer Institute] Press Release

Australian Funding Delay Creates Stress and Uncertainty for Scientists

A weeks-long delay in a major funding announcement is having a detrimental effect on Australian science, say researchers. [Nature News] Editorial

To Catch Misconduct, Journals Are Hiring Research Integrity Czars

Scientific journals’ creation of dedicated positions for rooting out misconduct before publication comes amid growing awareness of such issues, and stems from a recognition that spot-checking and other ad hoc arrangements were insufficient. [STAT News] Editorial

In Reversal, NSF Lifts Proposal Limits on Biologists

In a reversal, the National Science Foundation (NSF) will no longer restrict researchers to only one proposal submission per year to the biology directorate’s three core tracks in which they are listed as a principal investigator (PI) or co-PI. [ScienceInsider] Editorial

Stop Exploitation of Foreign Postdocs in the United States

A survey reveals some lab heads are using the need for visas to create unacceptable conditions for junior researchers. Some PIs are exploiting the fact that overseas scientists rely on them for continued visas. The responses suggest that senior scientists are using this reliance to force postdocs to work longer hours and endure unacceptable conditions. [Nature] Editorial

NEW AACR: The Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond
May 8-11, 2019
San Diego, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Assistant Professor – Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology (University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston)

Faculty & Leadership Positions- Cancer-Focused Target & Drug Discovery (The University of New Mexico)

Postdoctoral Associate – Molecular and Cell Biology (Baylor College of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Advanced Prostate Cancer Research (Cleveland Clinic)

Postdoctoral Fellow/Research Associate Positions – Cell Immortalization (Gerogetown University Medical Center)

Posdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer Research (Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center)

Group Leader – Cancer Biology and/or Therapy (Institute of Oncology Research Universita della Svizzera Italiana)

PhD Studentships – Cancer Research (The Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cancer Immunotherapy (University of Notre Dame)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Prostate Disease Research (Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine)

Assistant/Associate/Professor – Cancer Biology (University of Cincinnati)

Postdoctoral Position – Prostate Cancer (The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities)

Research Fellow – Prostate Cancer (Sechenov University)

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