Pulmonary Cell News Volume 3.22 | Jun 12 2014

Role of Klotho, an Antiaging Protein, in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Researchers defined the role of Klotho in pulmonary fibrosis using a murine model of ovalbumin-induced chronic asthma and in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. [Arch Toxicol] Abstract

Exosomal miR-21 Derived from Arsenite-Transformed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Promotes Cell Proliferation Associated with Arsenite Carcinogenesis
Scientists aimed to determine whether miRNAs secreted from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells transformed by 1.0 μM arsenite are transferred into normal HBE cells and are functionally active in the recipient cells. [Arch Toxicol] Abstract

Role of Anion Exchangers in Cl^– and HCO₃^– Secretion by the Human Airway Epithelial Cell Line Calu-3
Researchers assessed the contribution of apical and basolateral Cl^–/HCO₃^– exchangers to Cl^– and HCO₃^– transport in the Calu-3 cell derived from human airway submucosal glands. [Am J Physiol Cell Physiol] Abstract

Calcium Signaling and β2-Adrenergic Receptors Regulate 1-Nitropyrene Induced CXCL8 Responses in BEAS-2B Cells
Scientists investigated the mechanisms of CXCL8 responses induced by 1-nitropyrene in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, with focus on the possible importance of Ca²⁺-signaling and activation of β2-adrenergic receptors. [Toxicol In Vitro] Abstract

Agonist-Induced β₂-Adrenoceptor Desensitization and Downregulation Enhance Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Researchers investigated the cross-talk between β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonist-mediated effects on β₂-AR function and expression and cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells. [Pulm Pharmacol Ther] Abstract

Role of SIRT1 in Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Human β-Defensin-2 and Interleukin-8 Expression in A549 Cell
Researchers examined the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in mediating S. pneumoniae-induced human β-defensin-2 and interleukin-8 expression in the alveolar epithelial cell line A549 and the underlying mechanisms involved. [Mol Cell Biochem] Abstract

LUNG CANCER

Essential Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) for the Maintenance of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Stem Cells Is Associated with the STAT3 Pathway
Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) with elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity are self-renewing, clonogenic and tumorigenic. A genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed to identify genes differentially expressed in the ALDH+ vs. ALDH- cells. To explore the function in CSCs scientists manipulated their expression followed by colony and tumor formation assays. [Clin Cancer Res] Abstract

Metadherin Regulates Proliferation and Metastasis via Actin Cytoskeletal Remodeling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
The role of metaderin (MTDH) in cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion was studied by modulation of MTDH expression in NSCLC cell lines. These functions of MTDH were further confirmed in vivo. [Br J Cancer] Abstract

Altered β1,6-GlcNAc Branched N-Glycans Impair TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through Smad Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Cancer
Researchers studied the association of N-acetylglucosaminy transferase V (GnT-V) expression with lung cancer epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) behavior. They found that GnT-V expression was correlated with epithelial marker positively and mesenchymal marker negatively. GnT-V levels, as well as β1,6-GlcNAc branched N-glycans, were strongly reduced in TGF-β1-induced EMT of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. [J Cell Mol Med] Full Article

Secretory Phospholipase A2-IIa Upregulates HER/HER2-Elicited Signaling in Lung Cancer Cells
Researchers showed that elevated HER/HER2-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling contributes to secretory phospholipase A2 group IIa (sPLA2-IIa) overexpression in lung cancer cells. sPLA2-IIa in turn phosphorylates and activates HER2 and HER3 in a time- and dose-dependent manner in lung cancer cells. [Int J Oncol]
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Proof-of-Concept Study of Ivacaftor Monotherapy Showed Improvements in Lung Function after Two Weeks of Treatment in People with Cystic Fibrosis Who Have a Residual Function Mutation
Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated announced the results of a two-part proof-of-concept study of ivacaftor in 24 people with cystic fibrosis who have a residual function mutation. In the study, ivacaftor was generally well-tolerated, and the most common adverse events in the treatment group were cough and respiratory tract infection. [Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated] Press Release

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The Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Receives Grant from Biogen Idec to Support the PFF Patient Registry
The Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation (PFF) announced a key partnership with Biogen Idec in support of the PFF Patient Registry. The PFF announced its plan to establish a PFF Patient Registry, along with a PFF Care Center Network. Once established, the PFF Patient Registry will become the largest collection of pulmonary fibrosis patient data in the world. [The Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation] Press Release

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