Pulmonary Cell News 6.01 January 12, 2017 | |
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TOP STORYGenome-Wide In Vivo Screen Identifies Novel Host Regulators of Metastatic Colonization Researchers identified 23 genes that, when disrupted in mouse, modify the ability of tumor cells to establish metastatic foci, with 19 of these genes not previously demonstrated to play a role in host control of metastasis. The largest reduction in pulmonary metastasis was observed in sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter spinster homologue 2 (Spns2)-deficient mice. [Nature] Abstract | Press Release | |
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PUBLICATIONS(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)Inhaled Resveratrol Treatments Slow Aging-Related Degenerative Changes in Mouse Lung Lung aging is characterized by airspace enlargement and decreasing lung function. In prematurely aging telomerase null (terc−/−) mice, p53 stabilization within diminishing numbers of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells accompanies reduced lung function. Investigators tested whether inhaled resveratrol could protect young, terc−/− mice from accelerated aging of the lung. [Thorax] Abstract Meprin β Contributes to Collagen Deposition in Lung Fibrosis The metalloproteases meprinα and meprinβ have been shown to enhance collagen maturation and inflammatory cell infiltration via cleavage of cell-cell contact molecules; scientists hypothesized that meprins could play a role in lung fibrosis. An exhaustive characterization of bleomycin-treated meprinα, meprinβ and the double meprinsαβ knock-out with respective wt-littermates was performed by using several different methods. Their data demonstrated the in vivo relevance of meprinβ in collagen deposition in lung fibrosis. [Sci Rep] Full Article S100A8/A9 and S100A9 Reduce Acute Lung Injury Researchers assessed inflammation in murine lung following S100A9 and S100A8/A9 inhalation. Unlike S100A8, S100A9 promoted mild neutrophil and lymphocyte influx, possibly mediated in part, by increased mast cell degranulation and selective upregulation of some chemokine genes, particularly CXCL-10. S100 proteins did not significantly induce proinflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 or serum amyloid A3. In contrast to S100A8, neither preparation induced S100A8 or IL-10 mRNA/protein in airway epithelial cells, or in tracheal epithelial cells in vitro. [Immunol Cell Biol] Full Article LUNG CANCERLoss of the tumor suppressors RB1 and TP53 and MYC amplification are frequent oncogenic events in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Investigators showed that Myc expression cooperates with Rb1 and Trp53 loss in the mouse lung to promote aggressive, highly metastatic tumors, that are initially sensitive to chemotherapy followed by relapse, similar to human SCLC. [Cancer Cell] Abstract | Graphical Abstract | Press Release Myc Suppresses Tumor Invasion and Cell Migration by Inhibiting JNK Signaling The authors found Myc/Max directly upregulates the transcription of puc, which encodes an inhibitor of JNK signaling crucial for tumor invasion and cell migration. They demonstrated that human cMyc potently suppresses JNK-dependent cell invasion and migration in both Drosophila and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. [Oncogene] Abstract Scientists reported that the anti-malarial drug, chloroquine (CQ), is a robust inducer of par-4 secretion from normal cells in mice and cancer patients in a clinical trial. CQ-inducible par-4 secretion triggers paracrine apoptosis of cancer cells and also inhibits metastatic tumor growth. [Cell Rep] Full Article | Graphical Abstract The authors found a previously unrecognized tumor-suppressive role for E6AP in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), they revealed an alternative silencing mechanism of the INK4/ARF locus, and E6AP as a potential prognostic marker in NSCLC. [Sci Signal] Abstract The authors aimed to explore the roles of taurine upregulated gene1 (TUG1) in cell growth and chemoresistance of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its possible molecular mechanism. The expression of TUG1 in thirty-three cases of SCLC tissues and SCLC cell line were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. The functional roles of TUG1 in SCLC were demonstrated by CCK8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and transwell assay, flow cytometry analysis and in vivo study through siRNA or shRNA mediated knockdown. [Mol Cancer] Full Article MiRNAs play an important role in lung carcinogenesis and drug response. Scientists aimed to identify potential endogenous miRNAs that inhibit eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) expression and determine their influence of the inhibition on cisplatin resistance. Their results demonstrated that miRNA-488 is a tumor suppressor miRNA that acts by targeting eIF3a. MiRNA-488 also participates in eIF3a mediated cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. [Sci Rep] Full Article | |
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REVIEWSHypoxia and Sterile Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis Airways: Mechanisms and Potential Therapies The authors consider recent evidence regarding the cellular responses to respiratory hypoxia as a potential driver of sterile neutrophilic inflammation in the lung, current knowledge on hypoxia as a pathogenic mechanism in cystic fibrosis and the potential for current and future therapies to alleviate hypoxia-driven sterile inflammation. [Eur Respir J] Abstract Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pulmonary cell research field. | |
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INDUSTRY NEWSMerck announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for review the supplemental Biologics License Application for KEYTRUDA®, the company’s anti-PD-1 therapy, plus chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer regardless of PD-L1 expression and with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. [Merck & Co., Inc] Press Release Genprex, Inc. announced positive interim data from an ongoing Phase II clinical trial evaluating its investigational immunogene therapy candidate Oncoprex™ in combination with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib (Tarceva®) for the treatment of late stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. [Genprex, Inc.] Press Release The University of Pittsburgh and Bayer have established a master collaboration agreement to advance research for heart, lung, and blood disease indications. This broad collaboration spans from early research studies to drug development and big data analysis including real-world evidence studies. [The University of Pittsburgh] Press Release | |
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POLICY NEWSWhite House Announces Review Process for Risky Virus Studies Federal officials released a plan to help U.S. agencies decide whether to fund controversial studies that make viruses more dangerous. The guidance may finally bring an end to a moratorium that has kept a handful of experiments funded by the Department of Health and Human Services on hold for more than two years. [ScienceInsider] Editorial US Energy Agency Strengthens Protections for Scientists The US Department of Energy has released new guidelines to protect researchers from political interference — a move that many say is long overdue. [Nature News] Editorial
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EVENTSNEW 18th International Congress on Infectious Diseases (ICID) Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.
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JOB OPPORTUNITIESPostdoctoral Research Fellow – Lung Cancer (Massachusetts General Hospital) Allergy and Immunology – Postdoctoral Fellow (New York University Medical Center) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Lung Injury and Repair (National Jewish Health) PhD Positions – Heart and Lung Research (Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research) Postdoctoral Position – Cancer Epigenetics (Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus) Postdoctoral Position – Targeted Approaches to Lung Cancers (University of California San Francisco) Assistant Professor – Molecular Therapeutics of Cancer (Dartmouth College) Postdoctoral Position – Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine (University of Pittsburgh) Postdoctoral Research Fellow – Cancer GeneticsEpigenetics (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center) Recruit Top Talent: Reach potential candidates by posting your organization’s career opportunities on the Connexon Creative Job Board at no cost.
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Home Pulmonary Cell News Volume 6.01 | Jan 12 2017