Pulmonary Cell News Volume 7.29 | Jul 26 2018

TOP STORY

Tumor Innate Immunity Primed by Specific Interferon-Stimulated Endogenous Retroviruses

Stimulated 3 prime antisense retroviral coding sequences (SPARCS) were oriented inversely in 3′ untranslated regions of specific genes enriched for regulation by STAT1 and EZH2. Analysis of cell lines with high inducible SPARCS expression revealed strong association with an AXL/MET-positive mesenchymal cell state. [Nat Med] Abstract

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Increased Extracellular Vesicles Mediate WNT-5A Signaling in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

The primary human lung fibroblast (phLF)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) induced phLF proliferation, which was attenuated by WNT-5A silencing and antibody-mediated inhibition and required intact EV structure. Similarly, EVs from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced phLF proliferation, which was mediated by WNT-5A. [Am J Respir Crit Care Med] Abstract

Exposure to Galactic Cosmic Radiation Compromises DNA Repair and Increases the Potential for Oncogenic Chromosomal Rearrangement in Bronchial Epithelial Cells

The authors investigated persistent effects of galactic cosmic radiation exposure on DNA repair capacity in lung-derived epithelial cells, using an enzyme-stimulated chromosomal rearrangement as an endpoint. [Sci Rep] Full Article

Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells Type II Are Capable of TGFβ-Dependent Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition and Collagen-Synthesis

Primary human alveolar epithelial cells type II were extracted from donor tissues and stimulated with transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and a TGFβ-inhibitor. Interaction modules exhibited enrichment of genes that favored actin cytoskeleton remodeling, differentiation processes and collagen metabolism. [Respir Res] Full Article

LUNG CANCER

Inhibition of Activin Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma Increases the Therapeutic Index of Platinum Chemotherapy

The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily ligands activin A and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) mediated resistance via their cognate receptors through TGFβ-activated kinase 1, rather than through the SMAD family of transcription factors. Inhibition of activin receptor signaling or blockade of activin A and GDF11 by the endogenous protein follistatin overcame this resistance. [Sci Transl Med] Abstract | Press Release

USP17 Mediates Macrophage-Promoted Inflammation and Stemness in Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating TRAF2/TRAF3 Complex Formation

Macrophages promoted ubiquitin-specific peptidase 17 (USP17) expression in cancer cells. Overexpression of USP17 in cancer cells promoted tumor growth and inflammation-associated and stemness-associated gene expressions in tumors. [Oncogene] Full Article

Tripartite Motif-Containing 37 (TRIM37) Promotes the Aggressiveness of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Activating the NF-κB Pathway

Overexpression of TRIM37 antagonized cisplatin‐induced apoptosis, induced angiogenesis and proliferation, and increased the aggressiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas inhibition of TRIM37 led to the opposite effects. [J Pathol] Abstract

mTORC2 Contributes to the Metabolic Reprogramming in EGFR Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitor Resistant Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Investigators revealed erlotinib-resistant cells have lower spare respiratory capacity (SRC), an indicator of metabolic flexibility, compared to erlotinib-sensitive cells. Knockdown of an mTORC2 component, rictor, enhanced the SRC and rescued the growth rate of erlotinib-resistant cells during glucose deprivation. [Cancer Lett] Full Article

Overexpression of PEAK1 Contributes to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Metastasis in Lung Cancer through Modulating ERK1/2 and JAK2 Signaling

Pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) overexpression could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 both in vitro and in vivo, whereas PEAK1 knockout had the opposite effects. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

The lncRNA NEAT1 Accelerates Lung Adenocarcinoma Deterioration and Binds to mir-193a-3p as a Competitive Endogenous RNA

Knockdown of nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in lung adenocarcinoma cells markedly restrained cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and stimulated cell apoptosis. Researchers demonstrated that miR-193a-3p directly targeted NEAT1 at its 3’-UTR. [Cell Physiol Biochem] Full Article

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The Polycomb Group Proteins Functions in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer

The authors explore the mechanism-based relationship and functional roles of polycomb group proteins in the interplay between epithelial mesenchymal transition and chromatin dynamics in lung cancer. [Semin Cell Dev Biol] Abstract

Mitochondrial Quality Control in COPD and IPF

Investigators outline the role of mitochondria quality control systems in the pathogenesis of age-associated lung diseases, COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). [Cells] Full Article

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pulmonary cell research field.

Takeda Announces Phase III Trial of ALUNBRIG^® (Brigatinib) Met Primary Endpoint Demonstrating Superiority in Progression-Free Survival versus Crizotinib in Patients with ALK+ Advanced NSCLC Who Are ALK Inhibitor Naïve

Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited announced that the global, randomized, Phase III ALTA-1L trial met its primary endpoint at the first pre-specified interim analysis, with ALUNBRIG^®. [Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Business Wire, Inc.)] Press Release

Pulmatrix Announces the Formation of the Pulmazole Clinical Advisory Board to Support Future Development

Pulmatrix, Inc. announced the formation of the Clinical Advisory Board for Pulmazole – an inhaled iSPERSE^™ formulation of the anti-fungal drug itraconazole for the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with asthma. [Pulmatrix Inc.] Press Release

UK-India Science Ministers Reinforce Strong Research Partnership as Future Collaboration Is Announced

The UK and Indian governments signaled their commitment to a deeper relationship by jointly announcing four new awards worth £4.8 million under the Civil Nuclear Energy program and seven new awards worth £10.8 million under Phase 2 of the Global research program on health. [GOV.UK] Editorial

New Evidence USCIS Policies Increased Denials of H-1B Visas

New data show that in 2017, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) denied many more H-1B petitions and issued numerous costly Requests for Evidence to stop highly educated foreign nationals from working in America. [Forbes Media LLC] Editorial

Third Retraction for Harvard Cancer Biologist

Nature has issued a retraction of a cancer study, seven years after its publication, citing issues with two figures and the unavailability of original data for them. The paper, led by Harvard Medical School biologist Sam Lee, is among several publications from his group to be retracted. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) 2019 Annual Meeting
June 26-29, 2019
Los Angeles, California, United States

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Fellow – BCL-2 & Pathogenesis & Targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Lung and Vascular Diseases (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Cellular Therapeutics in Chronic Lung Disease (Helmholtz Zentrum München)

Postdoctoral Associate – Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy (Baylor College of Medicine)

Principal Investigators – Cancer (University of Alabama Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Position – Immunology/Molecular Biology (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute)

Postdoctoral Position – Vascular or Lung Biology (Yale University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Human Lung Stem Cells and Regeneration (MedImmune)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Virology and Respiratory Biology (MedImmune)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Immunology (NYU Langone Health)

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