Pulmonary Cell News Volume 8.26 | Jul 11 2019

TOP STORY

Metformin Induces Lipogenic Differentiation in Myofibroblasts to Reverse Lung Fibrosis

Investigators showed that the first-line antidiabetic drug metformin exerted potent antifibrotic effects in the lung by modulating metabolic pathways, inhibiting TGFβ1 action, suppressing collagen formation, activating PPARγ signaling and inducing lipogenic differentiation in lung fibroblasts derived from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. [Nat Commun] Full Article

(Ranked by impact factor of the journal)

Ang-(1-7) Treatment Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Early Pulmonary Fibrosis

AngII and AT1R levels exhibited opposite dynamic trends during LPS-induced early pulmonary fibrosis, as did Ang-(1-7) and Mas. Ang-(1-7) exerted protective effects against early pulmonary fibrosis, mainly by regulating the balance between AngII and AT1R and between Ang-(1-7) and Mas and by inhibiting Src kinase activation. [Lab Invest] Abstract

Soluble Wood Smoke Extract Promotes Barrier Dysfunction in Alveolar Epithelial Cells through a MAPK Signaling Pathway

Using a cell culture-based model, investigators assessed the effects of a wood smoke-infused solution on alveolar epithelial barrier function, cell migration, and survival. [Sci Rep] Full Article

LUNG CANCER

CRAF Mutations in Lung Cancer Can Be Oncogenic and Predict Sensitivity to Combined Type II RAF and MEK Inhibition

Expression of CRAF^P261A in HEK293T cells and BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells led to increased ERK pathway activation in a dimer-dependent manner, accompanied with loss of CRAF phosphorylation at the negative regulatory S259 residue. [Oncogene] Full Article

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Promotes Lung Cancer Growth via Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) Flux Mediated by LKB1-AMPK/HDAC10/G6PD Axis

The authors found that 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) was highly expressed in lung cancer and its higher expression correlated with poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Suppressed HPD expression was sufficient to decrease oxidative PPP flux, leading to reduced RNA biosynthesis and enhanced reactive oxygen species level, attenuated cancer cell proliferation, and tumor growth. [Cell Death Dis] Full Article

Structural and Functional Analyses of an Allosteric Eya2 Phosphatase Inhibitor that Has on Target Effects in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Scientists demonstrated, using genetic mutations, that migration, invadopodia formation, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells were dependent on Eya2 Tyr phosphatase activity, whereas growth and survival were not. [Mol Cancer Ther] Abstract

Retinoic Acid Downregulates Thiol Antioxidant Defences and Homologous Recombination while Promotes A549 Cells Sensitization to Cisplatin

Scientists investigated molecular mechanism of retinoic acid (RA) and cisplatin co-treatment in A549 cells, focusing on the NRF2 pathway. RA had an inhibitory effect over NRF2 activation, which regulated the expression of thiol antioxidants enzymes. [Cell Signal] Abstract | Graphical Abstract

RNF43 Ubiquitinates and Degrades Phosphorylated E-Cadherin by c-Src to Facilitate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Adenocarcinoma

RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) participated in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated E-cadherin by activated c-Src. [BMC Cancer] Full Article

Somatic and Germline Mutations in the Tumor Suppressor Gene PARK2 Impair PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Lung Cancer Cells

Researchers showed that wild-type Parkin could rapidly translocate onto mitochondria following mitochondrial damage and that Parkin promoted mitophagic clearance of mitochondria in lung cancer cells. [Acta Pharmacol Sin] Abstract

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Resistance Mechanisms and Potent-Targeted Therapies of ROS1-Positive Lung Cancer

Scientists discuss the underlying mechanisms through which c-ros oncogene (ROS1) tumor cells acquire resistance to crizotinib—the first-line drug for ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer, and summarize various new potent drugs which can overcome this resistance and serve as viable alternatives. [Cancer Chemother Pharmacol] Abstract

Visit our reviews page to see a complete list of reviews in the pulmonary cell research field.

H2-Pharma and CHEPLAPHARM Announce Launch of ETOPOPHOS^® Injection

H2-Pharma, LLC announced that it has entered into an agreement with CHEPLAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH to be the exclusive U.S. distributor of ETOPOPHOS^® for injection. [H2-Pharma, LLC (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Biomarck Announces Statistically Significant Results from the Phase II Controlled Clinical Study in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Biomarck Pharmaceuticals, Ltd announced that statistical significance was achieved in improvement of Overall Response Rate in the BIO-11006/SOC group compared to standard of care alone at three months in the Phase II study in NSCLC. [Biomarck Pharmaceuticals, Ltd (PR Newswire Association LLC.)] Press Release

Equillium Announces Initiation of the EQUIP Phase Ib Clinical Trial of Itolizumab for Patients with Uncontrolled Asthma

Equillium, Inc. announced it has initiated the EQUIP Phase Ib clinical trial of its CD6 targeted therapy, itolizumab, in patients with uncontrolled moderate to severe asthma. [Equillium, Inc.] Press Release

Sweden Passes Law For National Research Misconduct Agency

After several high-profile cases, the country’s government is creating a board to oversee and investigate all serious allegations of scientific misconduct. [The Scientist] Editorial

As Visa Difficulties Persist, Scientists Push for Change

Individual researchers and science societies are finding solutions so colleagues around the globe can attend conferences, from remote presentations to relocating conferences. [The Scientist] Editorial

NEW Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (VCCC) Research Conference 2019
September 16-17, 2019
Victoria, Australia

Visit our events page to see a complete list of events in the community.

NEW Postdoctoral Positions – Pulmonary Injury (University of Maryland)

Scientist – Pulmonary (STEMCELL Technologies Inc.)

PhD Studentship – Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Fibrosis (Université de Franche-Comté)

Postdoctoral Position – Lung Injury (University of Connecticut)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – Redox Biology of Lung and Breast Cancer (Washington University School of Medicine)

Postdoctoral Fellow – Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Lung Organoids (Columbia University Irving Medical Center)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Cystic Fibrosis Stem Cell Models (The University of Alabama at Birmingham)

Postdoctoral Researcher – Lung Lineage Development (Hospital for Sick Children)

Assistant Professor – Lung Disease Research (University of McGill)

Postdoctoral Fellowship – RNA in Lung Sepsis and Inflammation (Boston University)

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