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PLD1 and PLD2 Promote an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment via CCL19-Dependent Macrophage Polarization and PD-L1 Induction
[Experimental & Molecular Medicine] Researchers demonstrated that both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD) 1 and PLD2 reprogram the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor immunity in a syngeneic melanoma model.
Rise Therapeutics Completes Enrollment in Four-Week Dose Expansion Cohort for the R-2487 Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trial
[Rise Therapeutics] Rise Therapeutics announced the completion of full enrollment in the four-week dose expansion cohort of its Phase Ib clinical trial evaluating orally dosed R-2487 in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. R-2487 is a synthetic biology-based immunotherapy designed to address underlying immune dysfunction in autoimmune diseases.
From Tregs to Tissue Remodelling: FOXP3 and IL-35 in the Inflammatory Landscape of Nasal Polyps
[Inflammation Research] The authors examine how Tregs release the potent immunosuppressive cytokine IL-35, suppressing effector T cell responses and encouraging Treg proliferation. Studies have shown that IL-35 is essential for preserving immunological homeostasis.
CCR2-Guided T Exosome-Gas6 Hybrid Synergistically Reprograms Macrophage Inflammation and Immune Tolerance in Gouty Arthritis
[Advanced Healthcare Materials] Investigators designed a bioresponsive therapeutic platform composed of Treg-derived exosomes co-loaded with growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6), engineered to preferentially home to inflamed joints via CCR2-guided chemotactic targeting.
Intratumoral Regulatory T Cell Ablation Mediates Tumor Control Systemically Without Autoimmunity
[Cancer Research] Researchers used intratumoral (IT) delivery of diphtheria toxin (DT) in Foxp3DTR mice to deplete Tregs within tumor tissues while leaving peripheral Tregs intact. IT delivery of DT reduced Treg frequencies in the tumor, which promoted potent tumor control without autoimmunity.
Single-Cell Identifies and Validates Human Circulating Treg Subtype/State Tregfciin Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
[Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy] Using scRNA-seq and stereo-seq, scientists identified a novel circulating Treg subtype in non-small cell lung cancer. We developed a regional overlap-expression rate system with cell identity marker gene panels to quantify T cell subtype specificity across pre/post-operative blood, 31 diseases, and in 17 organs.
Annexin A1 and Its Membrane Receptor Complex: Implications for Immune Regulation and Autoimmune Disease Mechanisms
[Autoimmunity Reviews] Annexin A1 (AnxA1) acts as a molecular switch integrating receptor-mediated signals to fine-tune immune responses and mitigate tissue damage in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Early-Life Gut Microbiota and Allergic Diseases: Immune Regulatory Mechanisms and Intervention Progress
[Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology] The gut microbiota plays a critical role in host metabolism, maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity, and regulation of immune homeostasis, and is especially closely linked to immune system development and the establishment of immune tolerance in early life.
PLA2G12A-Driven Extracellular Vesicle-Lipid Signaling Amplifies Pathogenic T Cell Responses in Inflammatory Diseases
[Cell Reports] Researchers showed that genetic deficiency or antibody-mediated neutralization of PLA2G12A, a secreted phospholipase A2 transiently upregulated in activated CD4+ T cells, prevents pathogenic Th17 differentiation and associated diseases including psoriasis and arthritis.
Inhibition of Histone Demethylase LSD1 Suppresses CD47 Expression and Enhances Efficacy of CD47 Blockade in Breast Cancer
[Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer] Researchers investigated the crosstalk between the histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and CD47 signaling in TNBC using in silico datasets, isogenic cell lines, conditional BRCA1 knockout models, and syngeneic mouse models.
Dectin-1 Signaling Promotes Galectin-3 Shedding and Expansion of Immunosuppressive CD71+ Erythroid Cells in Breast Cancer
[Oncoimmunology] Using murine models of TNBC, scientists investigated the therapeutic effects of curdlan, a β-glucan. They found that TNBC was associated with extramedullary erythropoiesis and expansion of CD71+ erythroid cells.
Cross-Kingdom Signals: Microbial, Metabolites, and Immune Cells on the Gut-Breast Axis
[Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition] This review synthesizes cross-kingdom signals in the gut–breast axis and outlines translational opportunities—from dietary fiber and targeted postbiotics to bile-acid pathway modulation and antibiotic stewardship—to improve lactation health and inform oncology.

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