Hypoxia Induces HIF1α-Dependent Epigenetic Vulnerability in Triple Negative Breast Cancer to Confer Immune Effector Dysfunction and Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy

Using an in vitro culture system modeling human T cell dysfunction and exhaustion in triple-negative breast cancer, the authors found that hypoxia suppressed immune effector gene expression, including in T and NK cells, resulting in immune effector cell dysfunction and resistance to immunotherapy.