Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T Cell-Mediated Protection against Influenza a Virus in a Cohort Study

Scientists analyzed the blood samples collected longitudinally in a community-based study and covered the first wave of pandemic H1N1, two subsequent pH1N1 epidemics, and three seasonal H3N2 influenza A epidemics for which they measured pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses by intracellular IFN-γ staining assay for 965 whole blood samples.