Hepatic Thyroid Hormone Signaling Modulates Glucose Homeostasis through the Regulation of GLP-1 Production via Bile Acid-Mediated FXR Antagonism

3,5,3’-triiodo-L-thyronine suppressed Cyp8b1 expression, resulting in increased the levels of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-antagonistic bile acids, thereby potentiating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production and insulin secretion by repressing intestinal FXR signaling.