Luteolin Ameliorates Palmitate-Induced Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes by Mediating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy

In the presence of palmitic acid, reactive oxygen species production was increased at three hours, followed by enhancement of expression of p-PERK, ATF4, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and TXNIP and p-p62 and LC3II/LC3I ratio, in both primary hepatocytes and AML12 cells.