Potential of an Aligned Porous Hydrogel Scaffold Combined with Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells or Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Tissue Regeneration in Rat Periodontal Defects

A constructed aligned porous hydrogel scaffold carrying cells based on chitosan and oxidized chondroitin sulfate treated with a freeze-casting technique was fabricated, which aimed to induce the arrangement of periodontal tissue regeneration.