Insights into the Structure of Comirnaty COVID-19 Vaccine: A Theory on Soft, Partially Bilayer-Covered Nanoparticles with Hydrogen Bond-Stabilized mRNA–Lipid Complexes

Researchers used a combination of atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and the determination of the intra-LNP pH gradient to analyze the nanoparticles in BNT162b2.