Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways Promotes the Consistent Expansion of Human Pancreatic Progenitors in Defined Conditions

The authors showed that the combined stimulation of specific mitogenic pathways, suppression of retinoic acid signaling, and inhibition of selected branches of the TGFβ and Wnt signaling pathways were necessary for the effective decoupling of pancreatic progenitors proliferation from differentiation.