Tough Physically Crosslinked Poly(vinyl Alcohol)-Based Hydrogels Loaded With Collagen Type I to Promote Bone Regeneration In Vitro and In Vivo

Investigators developed a tough Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogel using a facile physical crosslinking method, comprising of PVA, tannic acid (TA), and hydroxyapatite (HA). Systematic experiments were conducted to examine the physicochemical properties of PVA/HA/TA hydrogels, including their compositions, microstructures, and mechanical and rheological properties.