Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Is Rescued by TGFβ/BMP Signaling Modulation in an Ex Vivo Filamin B Mouse Model

Utilizing a filamin B knockout mouse, researchers showed that the vertebral fusions in spondylocarpotarsal syndrome evolved from intervertebral disc degeneration and ossification of the annulus fibrosus, eventually leading to full trabecular bone formation.