High Glucose Impairs Osteogenic Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells via Early Diversion of Beta-Catenin from Forkhead Box O to T Cell Factor Interaction

The authors differentiated mESCs within osteogenic-inducing media containing either high (diabetic) or low (physiological) levels of D-glucose and performed time course analyses to study the influence of high glucose on early and late bone cell differentiation.