P38 Kinases Mediate NLRP1 Inflammasome Activation after Ribotoxic Stress Response and Virus Infection

While the ribotoxic stress response to UV and microbial molecules exclusively activates p38 through MAP3K ZAKα, infection with arthropod-borne alphaviruses, including Semliki Forest and Chikungunya virus, activates p38 through ZAKα and potentially other MAP3K.