The JNK-EGR1 Signaling Axis Promotes TNF-α-Induced Endothelial Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells via VEGFR2 Expression

The authors showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) promoted the endothelial differentiation of MSCs by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) gene expression.