3D Bioprinting of dECM/Gel/QCS/nHAp Hybrid Scaffolds Laden with Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes to Improve Angiogenesis and Osteogenesis

A microchannel networks-enriched 3D hybrid scaffold composed of decellularized ECM, gelatin, quaterinized chitosan and nano-hydroxyapatite was fabricated by an extrusion 3D bioprinting technology.