Processing of Carbon-Reinforced Construction Materials Releases PM2.5 Inducing Inflammation and (Secondary) Genotoxicity in Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts

A reinforcement material consisting of carbon rods, carbon concrete composite, and thermally treated carbon concrete was physicochemically and toxicologically analyzed in monocultured lung epithelial cells and co-cultured lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts at the air-liquid interface.