Intrinsic B Cell TLR-BCR Linked Coengagement Induces Class-Switched, Hypermutated, Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Absence of T Cells

Researchers showed that B cell Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)–B cell receptor (BCR) coengagement by 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP)–lipopolysaccharide or TLR5-BCR coengagement by Salmonella flagellin induced mature antibody responses to NP and flagellin in Tcrβ−/−Tcrδ−/− and NSG/B mice.