PTEN Loss Confers Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Increasing Tumor Infiltration of Regulatory T Cells

Development of a Pten-null lung squamous carcinoma mouse model revealed that tumors with PTEN loss were refractory to anti-PD-1, highly metastatic and fibrotic, and secreted TGF-β/CXCL10 to promote conversion of CD4+ lymphocytes into regulatory T cells.