Deinococcus radiodurans-Derived Membrane Vesicles Protect HaCaT Cells against H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress via Modulation of MAPK and Nrf2/ARE Pathways

Pretreatment with membrane vesicles derived from D. radiodurans inhibited H2O2-mediated apoptosis in HaCaT cells by suppressing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species production.