Organoid Models of Breathing Disorders Reveal Patterning Defect of Hindbrain Neurons Caused by PHOX2B-PARMs

To understand how PHOX2B-polyalanine repeat mutations (PHOX2B-PARMs) alter the function of PHOX2B and perturb the formation of retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons, scientists generated human brainstem organoids with RTN-like neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.