Multiple Dimensions of using Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Liver Diseases: From Bench to Beside

The authors summarize the status of MSC transplantation in treating liver diseases, focusing on the therapeutic mechanisms, including differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulating function with a variety of immune cells, paracrine effects via the secretion of various cytokines and extracellular vesicles, and facilitation of homing and engraftment.