Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation Regulate Human Endoderm Differentiation by Mediating SMAD3 Nuclear Localization via Acetylation

Researchers defined fatty acid metabolism as a key player in definitive endoderm differentiation from hESCs. Fatty acid β-oxidation was enhanced while lipogenesis was decreased, and this was due to the phosphorylation of lipogenic enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase by AMPK.