Shortwave-Infrared-Light-Emitting Probes for the In Vivo Tracking of Cancer Vaccines and the Elicited Immune Responses

Researchers reported a cancer vaccine consisting of polymer-coated NaErF4/NaYF4 core–shell down-conversion nanoparticles emitting luminescence in the near-infrared spectral window IIb and with surface-conjugated antigen and electrostatically complexed adjuvant.