Alterations of Milk Oligosaccharides in Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Impede Colonization of Beneficial Bacteria and Development of RORγt⁺ Treg Cell-Mediated Immune Tolerance in Neonates

Experiments in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) mouse models indicated that decreased contents of milk oligosaccharides in GDM maternal mice reduced colonization of bacteria in the neonatal gut, which impeded development of RORγt+ Treg cell-mediated immune tolerance.