Glutamate Secretion by Embryonic Stem Cells as an Autocrine Signal to Promote Proliferation

The authors performed biological analyses to identify the key components involved in glutamate biosynthesis, packaging for secretion, reaction, and reuptake in ESCs, including glutaminase, vesicular glutamate transporter, glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and cell membrane excitatory amino-acid transporter.