Human Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Promote Bone Formation in Immunodeficient Mice When Administered into a Bone Microenvironment

The authors investigated how physiological bone environments affect the osteogenic commitment of recalcitrant MSCs in vitro and in vivo. To this end, MSC of bone marrow and Wharton’s jelly origin were co-cultured and induced for synchronous osteogenic differentiation in vitro using transwells.