VEGF Signaling: Role in Angiogenesis and Beyond

The authors elaborate on vascular endothelial growth factor’s (VEGF’s) impact on intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including how VEGF affects pericyte proliferation and migration and mediates interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, resulting in PDL-1-mediated immunosuppression and Nrf2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.