Determinants of Lenalidomide Response with or without Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The HOVON89 Trial

A randomized Phase II study was performed in low/int-1 risk MDS to study efficacy and safety of lenalidomide without (arm A) or with (arm B) ESA/G-CSF. In arm B, patients without erythroid response (HI-E) after 4 cycles received ESA; G-CSF was added if no HI-E was obtained by cycle 9.