Apoptotic Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Hypoxia-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Within a Modified Gelatine Hydrogel Promote Osteochondral Regeneration by Enhancing Stem Cell Activity and Regulating Immunity

Researchers investigated whether apoptotic extracellular vesicles (EVs) that were isolated from adipose-derived MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions exerted greater effects on cartilage repair than those that are isolated from cells cultured under normoxic conditions.