Modulation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell and CD4⁺ T Cell Differentiation Accompanied by Upregulation of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Induced by Enterovirus 71

Scientists investigated the impact of enterovirus 71 (EV71) on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD4⁺ T cells. The results showed that pDCs were promptly activated, secreting interferon (IFN)-α and inducing CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation during early EV71 infection.