Homocysteine Metabolites Inhibit Autophagy by Upregulating miR-21-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-216-5p, and miR-320c-3p in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells

Scientists examined the influence of Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, and Hcy on autophagy human umbilical vein endothelial cells. THey found that treatments with Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, or Hcy significantly downregulated beclin 1 (BECN1), autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related 7 (ATG7), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) mRNA and protein levels.