insulin

[Cell & Bioscience] Scientists investigated the role of Gm15441 in the regulation of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) and liver metabolism and found that the expression levels of Gm15441 and Txnip showed a similar response pattern to metabolic signals in vivo and in vitro, but that their functions were predicted to be opposite.

[Bone] In type 2 diabetes mellitus mice scientists inhibited systemic activation of T cells with a fusion protein between the extracellular domain of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 and the Fc domain of human immunoglobulin G.

[Cell Death Discovery] Synaptotagmin-8 (SYT8) is a membrane protein that regulates hormone secretion and neurotransmission, and its expression is positively regulated by the promoter of the insulin gene in pancreatic islet cells. Researchers identified a previously unknown role of SYT8 in altering tumor characteristics in pancreatic cancer.

[Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy] Scientists identified cyanidin-3-rutinoside's (C3R) mechanisms of action in pancreatic β-cells. Rat INS-1 cells were used to elucidate the effects of C3R on insulin secretion, intracellular Ca2+ signaling, and gene expression.

[Peptides] Investigators describe mechanisms involved in insulin secretion as well as metabolic and mitogenic actions on its target tissues.

[Journal of Biological Chemistry] Researchers reported that intra-islet glucagon secreted from α-cells signals through β-cell glucagon and GLP-1 receptors, thereby conferring to rat islets their competence to exhibit first phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.