Cyanidin-3-Rutinoside Stimulated Insulin Secretion through Activation of L-type Voltage-Dependent Ca2+ Channels and the PLC-IP3 Pathway in Pancreatic β-Cells

Scientists identified cyanidin-3-rutinoside’s (C3R) mechanisms of action in pancreatic β-cells. Rat INS-1 cells were used to elucidate the effects of C3R on insulin secretion, intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling, and gene expression.