Tag Archives: islets

NR4A1 Enhances MKP7 Expression to Diminish JNK Activation Induced by ROS or ER-Stress in Pancreatic β Cells for Surviving

To search other possible mechanisms, scientists found the mRNA level and protein level of MKP7 (a phosphatase for phospho-JNK) were dramatically reduced in pancreatic β cells in the islets from NR4A1 knockout mice compared with that from wild type mice.
[Cell Death & Disease]
Pu, Z., Yu, T., Liu, D., Jin, C., Sadiq, E., Qiao, X., Li, X., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Tian, M., Li, S., Zhao, R., & Wang, X. (2021). NR4A1 enhances MKP7 expression to diminish JNK activation induced by ROS or ER-stress in pancreatic β cells for surviving. Cell Death Discovery, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41420-021-00521-0 Cite
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Glucose Treatment of Human Pancreatic β-Cells Enhances Translation of mRNAs Involved in Energetics and Insulin Secretion

Reserachers described and validated the use of the SUnSET approach to demonstrate through FACS and Western Blot that glucose increases protein translation in the human cell line EndoC-βH2
[Journal of Biological Chemistry]
Glucose treatment of human pancreatic β-cells enhances translation of mRNAs involved in energetics and insulin secretion. (2021). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 100839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100839 Cite
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GRK2 Contributes to Glucose Mediated Calcium Responses and Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic Islet Cells

Utilizing Min6 cells, a pancreatic ß-cell model, scientists knocked down G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and measured glucose-mediated intracellular calcium responses and insulin secretion.
[Scientific Reports]
Snyder, J., Lackey, A. I., Brown, G. S., Diaz, M., Yuzhen, T., & Sato, P. Y. (2021). GRK2 contributes to glucose mediated calcium responses and insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 11129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90253-z Cite
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Pronounced Proliferation of Non-Beta Cells in Response to Beta-Cell Mitogens in Isolated Human Islets of Langerhans

Islets were kept intact or dispersed into single cells and cultured in the presence of harmine, glucose, or heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry.
[Scientific Reports]
Maachi, H., Ghislain, J., Tremblay, C., & Poitout, V. (2021). Pronounced proliferation of non-beta cells in response to beta-cell mitogens in isolated human islets of Langerhans. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 11283. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90643-3 Cite
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Withaferin A Inhibits Lymphocyte Proliferation, Dendritic Cell Maturation In Vitro and Prolongs Islet Allograft Survival

The authors investigated the immunosuppressive and immunomodulation abilities of Withaferin A and its effect on long-term islet allograft survival.
[Scientific Reports]
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Beta Cell Transdifferentiation

Researchers describe the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen in pancreatic beta cells in autopsy samples from individuals with COVID-19.
[Cell Metabolism]
Tang, X., Uhl, S., Zhang, T., Xue, D., Li, B., Vandana, J. J., Acklin, J. A., Bonnycastle, L. L., Narisu, N., Erdos, M. R., Bram, Y., Chandar, V., Chong, A. C. N., Lacko, L. A., Min, Z., Lim, J. K., Borczuk, A. C., Xiang, J., Naji, A., … Chen, S. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Infection Induces Beta Cell Transdifferentiation. Cell Metabolism, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.015 Cite
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Live-Cell Imaging of Glucose-Induced Metabolic Coupling of β and α Cell Metabolism in Health and Type 2 Diabetes

Researchers used phasor – Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy to monitor oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in living islet cells before and after glucose stimulation.
[Communications Biology]
Wang, Z., Gurlo, T., Matveyenko, A. V., Elashoff, D., Wang, P., Rosenberger, M., Junge, J. A., Stevens, R. C., White, K. L., Fraser, S. E., & Butler, P. C. (2021). Live-cell imaging of glucose-induced metabolic coupling of β and α cell metabolism in health and type 2 diabetes. Communications Biology, 4(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02113-1 Cite
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Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Isolated Human Islets: Does It Truly Reflect β-Cell Function In Vivo?

The aims are not to discuss specificities of pathways controlling secretion but to compare qualitative and quantitative features of glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated human islets and in living human subjects.
[Molecular Metabolism]
Glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated human islets: Does it truly reflect β-cell function in vivo? (2021). Molecular Metabolism, 48, 101212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101212 Cite
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SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Pancreatic β-Cells and Elicits β-Cell Impairment

Researchers found that the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2 and related entry factors were expressed in β-cells, with selectively high expression of NRP1.
[Cell Metabolism]
Wu, C.-T., Lidsky, P. V., Xiao, Y., Lee, I. T., Cheng, R., Nakayama, T., Jiang, S., Demeter, J., Bevacqua, R. J., Chang, C. A., Whitener, R. L., Stalder, A. K., Zhu, B., Chen, H., Goltsev, Y., Tzankov, A., Nayak, J. V., Nolan, G. P., Matter, M. S., … Jackson, P. K. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 infects human pancreatic β-cells and elicits β-cell impairment. Cell Metabolism, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.013 Cite
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CBP/p300 HAT Maintains the Gene Network Critical for β Cell Identity and Functional Maturity

RNA-sequencing analysis showed a comprehensive downregulation of β cell and α cell identity genes in A-485-treated islets, without upregulation of dedifferentiation markers and derepression of disallowed genes.
[Cell Death & Disease]
Zhang, L., Sheng, C., Zhou, F., Zhu, K., Wang, S., Liu, Q., Yuan, M., Xu, Z., Liu, Y., Lu, J., Liu, J., Zhou, L., & Wang, X. (2021). CBP/p300 HAT maintains the gene network critical for β cell identity and functional maturity. Cell Death & Disease, 12(5), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-03761-1 Cite
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Proteoglycan Profiling of Human, Rat and Mouse Insulin-Secreting Cells

Investigators applied a glycoproteomic approach to identify proteoglycans, their glycosaminoglycan chains and their attachment sites in insulin-secreting cells.
[Glycobiology]
Nikpour, M., Nilsson, J., Persson, A., Noborn, F., Vorontsov, E., & Larson, G. (2021). Proteoglycan profiling of human, rat and mouse insulin-secreting cells. Glycobiology, cwab035. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwab035 Cite
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