multiple sclerosis

[Nature Reviews Drug Discovery] The authors intertwine research from biological, clinical and medicinal chemistry disciplines to discuss historical and current RGD-binding integrin drug discovery, with an emphasis on small-molecule inhibitors of the αv integrins.

[Nature] Scientists defined ‘microglia inflamed in multiple sclerosis (MS)’ and ‘astrocytes inflamed in MS’, glial phenotypes that demonstrated neurodegenerative programming.

[Science Advances] Data suggest that following their initial central nervous system infiltration, T cells activate the microglial noncanonical NF-κB pathway, which synergizes with the T cell-derived cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to induce expression of chemokines involved in the second-wave of T cell recruitment and disease progression.

[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America] The authors performed in-depth characterization of meningeal versus parenchymal T helper 17 cell-induced rodent neuroinflammation. The most pronounced cellular and transcriptional differences between these compartments was the localization of B cells exhibiting a follicular phenotype exclusively to the meninges.

[Experimental & Molecular Medicine] Scientists review the current evidence of type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2)-mediated modulation of neuroinflammatory cues within the central nervous system (CNS), highlight the distribution of ILC2s in both the periphery and CNS, and discuss some challenges associated with cell type-specific targeting that are important for therapeutics.

[Nature Communications] Researchers identified nodes of Ranvier as a direct site of interaction between microglia and axons, in both mouse and human tissues. Using dynamic imaging, they highlight the preferential interaction of microglial processes with nodes of Ranvier along myelinated fibers.