Review

[Biochemical Society Transactions] Investigators summarize the cross-talk between reactive oxygen species, Zinc and nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) in antioxidant responses of vascular cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation.

[Molecular Neurobiology] The authors review the mechanisms of BMSC-Exos in central nervous system diseases and provide direction for further research.

[Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics] The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the risk of pancreatic cancer development in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

[Nature Reviews Immunology] Investigators discuss the origins of Treg cells in the periphery and the multilayered mechanisms by which Treg cells are induced, as well as the FOXP3-dependent and FOXP3-independent cellular programmes that maintain the suppressive function of Treg cells in humans and mice.

[Nature Reviews Immunology] Scientists review the sex differences in immune system composition and function, examining how hormones and genetics influence the immune system.

[Nature] The authors explore in detail the complexity of NK cell biology in humans and highlight the role of these cells in cancer immunity.