Atypical B Cells Up-Regulate Costimulatory Molecules during Malaria and Secrete Antibodies with T Follicular Helper Cell Support

The authors performed longitudinal flow cytometry analyses and RNA sequencing of Plasmodium falciparum–specific B cells isolated from study participants before and shortly after febrile malaria, with simultaneous analysis of influenza hemagglutinin–specific B cells as a comparator.