Cancer Cell Autophagy, Reprogrammed Macrophages, and Remodeled Vasculature in Glioblastoma Triggers Tumor Immunity

Researchers combined vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors that remodel the tumor vasculature with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, which enhanced autophagy in glioblastoma cancer cells and unexpectedly reprogrammed immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages via inhibition of histamine receptor signaling to become immunostimulatory.