Evaluation of Surgical Fixation Methods for the Implantation of Melt Electrowriting-Reinforced Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Composites in Porcine Cartilage Defects

Acellular melt electrowriting (MEW)-norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid (NorHA) composites or MEW-NorHA composites with encapsulated porcine MSCs and precultured for 28 days were implanted in full-thickness cartilage defects in porcine knees using either bioresorbable pins or fibrin glue to assess surgical fixation methods.