Effectiveness of the Production of Tissue-Engineered Living Bone Graft: A Comparative Study Using Perfusion and Rotating Bioreactor Systems

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the surfaces of hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds and cultured for 21 days in three different conditions: static 3D culture, 3D culture in a perfusion bioreactor, and dynamic 3D culture in a rotating bioreactor.