Salmonella Delivers H9N2 Influenza Virus Antigens via a Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Dual-Expression Vector and Elicits Bivalent Protection Against Avian Influenza and Fowl Typhoid

Researchers used a detoxified Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) strain to deliver a dual prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression vector, pJHL270 that expressed recombinant H9N2 antigens in both Salmonella and host cells. They evaluated the H9N2 antigen and SG-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in vitro following immunization.