Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Recovery of The Facial Nerve Injury through Regulating Macrophage M1 and M2 Polarization by Targeting the P38 MAPK/NF-Κb Pathway

Investigators explored the function of MSC-exosomes in the immunomodulation of macrophages and their effects in repairing facial nerve injury. An ultracentrifugation technique was used to separate exosomes from the MSC supernatant.