Autophagy Induced by Low Shear Stress Leads to Endothelial Glycocalyx Disruption

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were subjected to physiological shear stress and low shear stress treatments, followed by the application of autophagy inducers and inhibitors. Additionally, cells were treated with specific matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor.