Tag Archives: HIV

Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy among Individuals with Acute and Early HIV

Researchers show rapid antiretroviral therapy in acute and early HIV was acceptable and effective, with 69.0% of participants starting ART within seven days of HIV diagnosis disclosure and 88.1% achieving suppression by 48 weeks.
[Clinical Infectious Diseases]
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Immunometabolism and HIV-1 Pathogenesis: Food for Thought

The authors summarize current knowledge of the links between HIV-1 infection and immunometabolism, and they discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for therapeutic interventions.
[Nature Reviews Immunology]
Sáez-Cirión, A., & Sereti, I. (2020). Immunometabolism and HIV-1 pathogenesis: food for thought. Nature Reviews Immunology, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0381-7 Cite
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Pharmacological Activation of the Circadian Component REV-ERB Inhibits HIV-1 Replication

Researchers investigated whether REV-ERB activity regulates HIV-1 replication and found REV-ERB agonists inhibited HIV-1 promoter activity in cell lines, primary human CD4 T cells and macrophages, whilst antagonism or genetic disruption of REV-ERB increased promoter activity.
[Scientific Reports]
Borrmann, H., Davies, R., Dickinson, M., Pedroza-Pacheco, I., Schilling, M., Vaughan-Jackson, A., Magri, A., James, W., Balfe, P., Borrow, P., McKeating, J. A., & Zhuang, X. (2020). Pharmacological activation of the circadian component REV-ERB inhibits HIV-1 replication. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70170-3 Cite
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Targeting HIV Env Immunogens to B Cell Follicles in Nonhuman Primates through Immune Complex or Protein Nanoparticle Formulations

Investigators demonstrated two strategies to concentrate HIV envelope immunogens in follicles, via the formation of immune complexes or by employing self-assembling protein nanoparticles for multivalent display of envelope antigens.
[NPJ Vaccines]
Martin, J. T., Cottrell, C. A., Antanasijevic, A., Carnathan, D. G., Cossette, B. J., Enemuo, C. A., Gebru, E. H., Choe, Y., Viviano, F., Fischinger, S., Tokatlian, T., Cirelli, K. M., Ueda, G., Copps, J., Schiffner, T., Menis, S., Alter, G., Schief, W. R., Crotty, S., … Irvine, D. J. (2020). Targeting HIV Env immunogens to B cell follicles in nonhuman primates through immune complex or protein nanoparticle formulations. Npj Vaccines, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-00223-1 Cite
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Lentiviral Gene Therapy Vectors Encoding VIP Suppressed Diabetes-Related Inflammation and Augmented Pancreatic Beta-Cell Proliferation

The authors suggested the observed therapeutic effect of lentiviral vector carrying vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) gene was due to the repression of diabetes-induced inflammation, its insulinotropic properties, and VIP-induced beta-cell proliferation.
[Gene Therapy]
Erendor, F., Sahin, E. O., Sanlioglu, A. D., Balci, M. K., Griffith, T. S., & Sanlioglu, S. (2020). Lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP suppressed diabetes-related inflammation and augmented pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. Gene Therapy, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41434-020-0183-3 Cite
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Impact of Vaccine Type on HIV-1 Vaccine Elicited Antibody Durability and B Cell Gene Signature

To assess the impact of vaccine type on antibody responses, investigators measured IgG isotypes against four consensus HIV antigens from two weeks to ten years post HIV-1 vaccination and used mixed effects models to estimate half-life of responses in four human clinical trials.
[Scientific Reports]
Palli, R., Seaton, K. E., Piepenbrink, M. S., Hural, J., Goepfert, P. A., Laher, F., Buchbinder, S. P., Churchyard, G., Gray, G. E., Robinson, H. L., Huang, Y., Janes, H., Kobie, J. J., Keefer, M. C., Tomaras, G. D., & Thakar, J. (2020). Impact of vaccine type on HIV-1 vaccine elicited antibody durability and B cell gene signature. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 13031. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69007-w Cite
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Groups Protest Exclusion of HIV-Infected People from Coronavirus Vaccine Trials

As large trials get underway to test the vaccines needed to stop the global coronavirus pandemic, one group has realized it is being left out and is not happy: people living with HIV.
[ScienceInsider]
Press Release

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Lentiviral Gene Therapy Vectors Encoding VIP Suppressed Diabetes-Related Inflammation and Augmented Pancreatic Beta-Cell Proliferation

The authors suggest the observed therapeutic effect of lentiviral vector carrying VIP gene was due to the repression of diabetes-induced inflammation, its insulinotropic properties, and VIP-induced beta-cell proliferation.
[Gene Therapy]
Abstract

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Lentiviral Gene Therapy Vectors Encoding VIP Suppressed Diabetes-Related Inflammation and Augmented Pancreatic Beta-Cell Proliferation

The therapeutic efficacy of LentiVIP was tested in a multiple low-dose STZ-induced animal model of type 1 diabetes. LentiVIP delivery into diabetic animals reduced hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance, and prevented weight loss.
[Gene Therapy]
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Structural Basis of CD4 Downregulation by HIV-1 Nef

Investigators describe the underlying mechanism as revealed by a 3.0-Å crystal structure of a fusion protein comprising Nef and the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 bound to the tetrameric AP2 complex.
[Nature Structural & Molecular Biology]
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The Genome-Wide Methylation Profile of CD4+ T Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals Identifies Distinct Patterns Associated with Disease Progression

Investigators observed 129 methylated CpG sites for which statistically significant differences were recorded in viremic vs HIVneg, 162 CpG sites in viremic vs cART, 441 CpG sites in viremic vs elite controllers (EC), but none in EC vs negative donors.
[Clinical infectious Diseases]
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SMAC Mimetics Induce Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis of HIV-1-Infected Macrophages

Researchers found that DIABLO/SMAC mimetics selectively killed HIV-Mφ without increasing bystander cell death.
[Cell Death & Disease]
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